Bill Name: Sen. ________________________________________

 

Author(s):   Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (D-NY)

 

"The individual is handicapped by coming face-to-face with a conspiracy so monstrous he cannot believe it exists." J. Edgar Hoover

 

President Kennedy said of Freemasonry: "The very word 'secrecy' is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it." President John F. Kennedy — address to newspaper publishers, April 27, 1961

 

"To announce that there must be no criticism of the President, or that we are to stand by the President right or wrong, is not only unpatriotic and servile, but morally treasonable to the American public." Theodore Roosevelt

 

Short Description: President and Congress memorialized by resolution: to amend the Constitution of the United States to provide: (i) by the President in Article Two, Section 2, Clause 8; and (ii) by Senators and Representatives, Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States in Article Six, Clause 3, that each be bound by expanded versions of Oaths or Affirmations that, under penalty of those similarly situated crimes in Title 18 of the United States Code and carrying a maximum penalty of those similarly situated crimes thereunder, the aforementioned are not members of any secret societies or organizations that act to circumvent, or aid in the circumvention, of the Constitution of the United States.

________________________________________

 

BACKGROUND AND REASONING IN SUPPORT OF BILL

 

SKULL AND BONES

 

The reason the ‘literary society’ of Skull and Bones is of particular concern is that its members are required to take an oath that completely absolves them from—takes precedence over—allegiance to any nation or king or government or constitution, including the negating of any subsequent oath which they may be required to take, that conflicts with the interests of the order.  In his autobiography, "A Charge to Keep" Bush writes, "My senior year I joined Skull and Bones, a secret society so secret I can't say anything more."

 

The oath taken by the Illuminati (the cult which Skull and Bones descends from) requires the initiated to disregard all bonds of allegiance whether to father, mother, brothers, sisters, relations, friends or to the king, magistrates, and any other authority to which loyalty, obedience, or service may have been sworn. The particular passage reads:

 

Faithfulness and everlasting obedience to all superiors and regulations of the Order…. you are free from the so-called oath to country and laws: swear to reveal to the new chief… what you may have seen or done, intercepted, read or heard, learned or surmised, and also seek for and spy out what your eyes cannot discern. Honour and respect the Aqua Tofana (a slow poison) as a sure, prompt, and necessary means of purging the globe by death of those who seek to vilify the truth [their ideology] and seize it from our hands...

 

The super secretive Order of Skull and Bones is non-partisan – it is not right or left, conservative or liberal, Republican or Democrat. Of the secret groups, the Order and the Bilderberg Group are the most secretive. The Order may, in fact, be the core of the others. Each group appears to have specific activities toward the development of the New World Order. The activities of The Order are directed towards changing our society, changing the world, to bring about a New World Order. This will be a planned order with heavily restricted individual freedom, without Constitutional protection, without national boundaries or cultural distinction. Therefore, The Order controls Republican Bonesmen and Democrat Bonesmen.

 

Thus either way, Democratic or Republican, the 2004 Presidential election left us with a Bonesman as President and the Skull & Bones agenda dominating and controlling the United States and the United States foreign policies inapposite of the Constitution and the People of the United States.

 

By way of example are the matters of Iviewit Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, affiliates and related parties (collectively “Iviewit”) and its experience of top down denial of due process at the Federal, State, and Local levels by secret societies as so named at the URL located at www.iviewit.tv .

 

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

 

Of particular note in the above aforementioned groups, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), a non-governmental organization that has stacked the next election, on both the Democratic and Republican ticket, with so many candidates on both sides, again leaving the American People almost assuredly with a member of an organization in which members claim the purpose is subversive to Democracy.  Thus, no matter what political party the People may believe they identify themselves with, due to the length of secrecy; these organizations have been heavily infiltrated and influenced by an agenda the People are completely unaware of.  CFR was founded and is filled with members of Skull and Bones and by no coincidence.  These groups infiltrate government by positioning members on both sides of a political position to insure a member secures the position or through a more recent technique of voter fraud.   This legislation must be enacted to protect the next presidency from infiltration or the Terrorists within.

 

2008 Presidential Candidates Members of the CFR include:

 

Democrat CFR Candidates:

 

Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton (Yale Law, Editor Yale Review of Law and Social Action), John Edwards, Chris Dodd and Bill Richardson

 

Republican CFR Candidates:

 

Mitt Romney, Rudy Giuliani, John McCain, Fred Thompson, Newt Gingrich

 

Corporate members include:

 

Halliburton of Dubai, British Petroleum, Dutch Royal Shell, Exxon Mobile, General Electric (NBC), Chevron, Lockheed Martin, Merck Pharmaceuticals, News Corp (FOX), Bloomberg, IBM, Time Warner, JP Morgan/ Chase Manhattan & several other major financial institutions.

 

Other Notable Members Include:

 

Dick Cheney (Director 1987-1988), John Kerry, Bill Clinton (Yale Law, met Hillary while attending), Al Gore, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford, Richard Nixon, John, David & Nelson Rockefeller, Condolezza Rice, Paul Wolfowitz, Alan Greenspan (Director 1987-1988), Colin Powell, Henry Kissinger, Angelina Jolie (Yes, the actress has a five year term membership as an ambassador), Lewis “Scooter” Libby, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Maurice Hank Greenberg (Vice Chairman & Director).

 

The goals of the CFR are best described by its very own members. Bill Clinton's Georgetown mentor and CFR member Carroll Quigley states: "The Council on Foreign Relations is the American branch of a society which originated in England... [and]...believes national boundaries should be obliterated and one world rule established."  Quigley differs from many of his CFR colleagues in that he believes their plan for a new world order should be more publicly disclosed. In his book Tragedy and Hope, Quigley concedes he is unique among his peers in that he believes the new world order plan of global government's "role in history is significant enough to be known." Quigley also admits that the two-party system allows for both groups to be controlled at the highest level but operate like bitter rivals.  As Quigley says, this gives the voters the chance to "throw the rascals out at any election without leading to any profound of extreme shifts in policy."  Controlling Washington elite allowed private central banks to “dominate the political system...and economy of world as a whole" and implement a new system of "feudalist fashion" through "secret agreements."  Although he believes the CFR's intentions should be more public, Quigley understands the average person doesn't understand feudalism or serfdom and will never read his book.

 

Surprisingly, many of its own members admit the CFR goal is to subvert the democratic process. CFR member and Judge Advocate General of the US Navy Admiral Chester Ward writes "The main purpose of the (CFR) is promoting the disarmament of US sovereignty and national dependence and submergence into and all powerful, one world government." This high ranking military officer went on to explain their procedures for influencing policy, claiming: "Once the ruling members of the CFR shadow government have decided that the US government should adopt a particular policy, the very substantial research facilities of the CFR are put to work to develop arguments, intellectual and emotional, to support the new policy and to confound and discredit, intellectually and politically, any opposition."

 

Admiral Chester Ward, a member of the CFR for over a decade, became one of its harshest critics, revealing its inner workings in a 1975 book, "Kissinger ON THE COUCH." In it he states "The most powerful cliques in these elitist groups have one objective in common: they want to bring about the surrender of the sovereignty and national independence of the United States."

 

On February 17, 1950, James Paul Warburg (CFR Founder) confidently declared to the United States Senate: "We shall have World Government, whether or not we like it. The only question is whether World Government will be achieved by conquest or consent."[1]

James Paul Warburg (1896-1969) was the son of Paul Moritz Warburg, nephew of Felix Warburg and of Jacob Schiff, both of Kuhn, Loeb & Company which financed the Russian Revolution through James' brother Max, banker to the government of Germany, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution.” [2]

 

A world government is a world without borders, national sovereignty, constitutions, privacy, autonomy, individual liberties, religious freedoms, private property, the right to bear arms, the rights of marriage and family and a dramatic population reduction (two thirds). A world government establishes a slave/master environment wherein the state controls everything.

 

“The main purpose of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is promoting the disarmament of U.S. sovereignty and national independence and submergence into an all powerful, one world government" stated Chester Ward, Rear Admiral and former Navy Judge Advocate 1956–1960 and a CFR member for 15 years. Is his attitude reflective of other military leaders who have also sworn to uphold the Constitution?[3]

 

Other secret groups include the Bilderbergers, the Council on Foreign Relations, The Knights of the Garter, The Knights of Malta, The 33rd Degree Masons, the Rhodes Scholars, Multinational Chairman’s Group, Bohemian Grove, Trilateral Commission, Le Cercle, 1001 Club, Pilgrim Society, Sun Valley Meetings, JASON Group, Council of World Churches, World Trade Organization, Summit of the America’s, World Economic Forum, International Criminal Court and World Bank. 

 

***End of BACKGROUND AND REASONING IN SUPPORT OF BILL

 

Long Description:

 

WHEREAS, secret societies are: (i) formed in secrecy; (ii) formed to position their members on both political spectrums of the government; (iii) operate in secrecy on both political spectrums of the government; and (iv) positioned slowly, over generations, to seize key positions on both political spectrums of the government all with the goal of seizing power on both political spectrums of the government with an equal goal of subverting the government, as we know it, for their own personal and organizational ends; and

 

WHEREAS, recognizing the responsibility of executive and judicial Officers to support the Constitution of the United States, Congress has ultimate responsibility to protect such responsibilities using the full weight of its powers under the Constitution; and

 

WHEREAS, the Constitution maintains the requirement that before the President enter on the execution of her/his Office, the President shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: -- "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States;" and 

 

WHEREAS, the Constitution maintains the requirement that Senators and Representatives, Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support the Constitution of the United States; and 

 

WHEREAS, as for the President, Article Two, Section 2, Clause 8 contains insufficient warranty in the Oath or Affirmation that the aforementioned is not a member of any secret societies  or organizations that act to circumvent, or aid in the circumvention, of the Constitution of the United States; and

 

WHEREAS, in the 2004 Presidential election both George W. Bush and John Kerry were both admitted members of a Yale secret society known as Skull and Bones that takes an oath that trumps any other oath members may take in the future; the cult, upon information and belief, operates to undermine the United States Constitution and worships Hitler with the overriding goal of creating a New World Order similar to that contrived by Hitler and the Nazi Party.

 

WHEREAS, since these subversive organizations have operated, until recently, for more than three generations in secrecy and thus infiltrated deep within the government at its highest levels, in order to cleanse the country of past infiltrations, this legislation should require all current members of all government agencies, who take oath to uphold American liberties, be required to complete a full disclosure of all affiliations with any/all organizations whether secret or not, whether the stated purpose is pro or anti American.  The disclosure should force all members of government to list the stated purpose of the organization, the complete oath taken to that organization, date of induction into the organization, charter of the organization and full disclosure of any oath or other sworn statement made to such organization;  and

 

WHEREAS, due to the threat to the nation that such subversive cult activities poses, this legislation should be clear that falsifying information regarding membership in an organization is punishable as Treason against the United States and with a maximum penalty of death.  That any person who swears false oath shall also be considered a spy against the United States and subject to prosecution as such; and

 

WHEREAS, due to the threat to the nation that such subversive cult activities poses, this legislation should reviewed, worked upon, vilified and underwritten by Members who can at first sign a no conflict of interest statement with any subversive cult and further provide this Congress with a list of all organizations that each Member belongs to or is affiliated to in any way, providing that each organization attested to will come with full disclosure of the organization agenda, tax returns, dates and times of membership, copy of oath taken, copy of bylaws and any other pertinent information for Congress to review prior to appointing any Members to work upon this Legislation.  Such precautionary step prevents in a modest way infiltration by subversive organizations and any such falsification of information regarding membership in an organization shall be punishable as under those similarly situated crimes in Title 18 of the United States Code and carrying a maximum penalty of those similarly situated crimes thereunder.  That any person who swears false oath shall also be considered a spy against the United States and subject to prosecution as such; and

 

WHEREAS, as for Senators and Representatives, Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, Article Six, Clause 3 contains insufficient warranty in the Oath or Affirmation that the aforementioned are not members of any secret societies or organizations that act to circumvent, or aid in the circumvention, of the Constitution of the United States.

 

WHEREAS, to preserve our freedom as envisioned by our forefathers and to preserve the American way of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the following resolutions design to force disclosure of subversive cult organizations from, if not the nation as a whole, the ruling members of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government of the United States of America.

 

RESOLVED THAT, Article Two, Section 2, Clause 8 of the Constitution of the United States, be amended as follows:

 

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: --"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, and that I am not now nor have ever been a member of any secret societies or organizations that act to circumvent, or aid in the circumvention, of the Constitution of the United States or have taken an oath or any other pledge that conflicts with my oath to the People of the United States."

 

and,

 

RESOLVED THAT, Article Six, Clause 3 of the Constitution of the United States, be amended as follows:       

 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: -- "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office, will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, and that I am not now nor have ever been a member of any secret societies or organizations that act to circumvent, or aid in the circumvention, of the Constitution of the United States or have taken an oath or any other pledge that conflicts with my oath to the People of the United States.” 

 

End of Bill.

 

 

 

 

X____________________________________

President George W. Bush

Exhibit 1

Declaration of Oath

1.                  List all Organizations you are a member of.

2.                  For each Organization write the specific oath, if any, taken upon becoming a member

3.                  For each Organization list the objectives and agenda

4.                  For each Organization submit the charter and bylaws

5.                  For each Organization disclose if there are any secrecy provisions of the group and what they are specifically

George Carlin on Secret Societies

President John F. Kennedy on Secret Societies

President George W. Bush on Secret Societies

In the 2004 U.S. Presidential election, both the Democratic and Republican nominees were alumni. George W. Bush writes in his autobiography, "[In my] senior year I joined Skull and Bones, a secret society; so secret, I can't say anything more."[3] When asked what it meant that he and Bush were both Bonesmen, former Presidential candidate John Kerry said, "Not much because it's a secret."

Skull and Bones in Government

By 2004 Bush bestowed presidential appointments on three of 15 of his Skull and Bones classmates, or fully 20 percent of his Bones classmates. If you include Bush, 27 percent of the Bones members from Yale's class of 1968 have received some presidential position through appointment or elec—er, Supreme Court decision. That's quite a yield.

 

The Bones '68 appointees are: Robert Davis McCallum, appointed associate attorney general in the Justice Department; Roy Leslie Austin, appointed ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago; and Donald Etra, appointed to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council. What do they have on President Bush?

The Skull & Bones law firms are:

* Proskauer Rose, LLP represents Yale and Yale Law School
* Lord Day Lord
* Davis Polk Wardwell
* Simpson Thacher Bartlett
* Debevoise Plimpton Lyons & Gates
* Cravath Swaine & Moore
* Covington & Burling
* Dewey Ballantine Palmer & Woods
* Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy

Founders of skull and bones

·         William Huntington Russell (1833), Connecticut State Legislator; cousin of Samuel Russell who allegedly established Russell and Company for the "purpose of acquiring opium in Turkey and smuggling it to China"

·         Alphonso Taft (1832), U.S. Attorney General (1876-1877); Secretary of War (1876); Ambassador to Austria-Hungary (1882) and Russia (1884-1885); father of William Howard Taft

List of Notable skull and bones members

Government and Politics

·         Victor Ashe (1967), Tenn. State House (1968-1975); Tenn. State Senate (1976-1984); Mayor of Knoxville, Tenn. (1988-2003); appointed Ambassador to Poland (2004-Present) by George W. Bush

·         Roy Leslie Austin (1968), Appointed ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago by George W. Bush

·         Howard M. Baldridge (1918) - U.S. Representative (R-Nebraska 1931-1933)

·         Simeon Eben Baldwin (1861), Governor and Chief Justice, State of Connecticut; son of Roger Sherman Baldwin

·         Jonathan Brewster Bingham (1936), U.S. Representative (D-New York 1965-1983); Council on Foreign Relations

·         William Bissell, Governor of Illinois (1857-1860); brother of Richard M. Bissell, Jr.)

·         David Boren (1963), Governor of Oklahoma, U.S. Senator, President of the University of Oklahoma

·         Augustus Brandegee (1849), Speaker of the Connecticut State Legislature in 1861

·         Frank Bosworth Brandegee (1885), U.S. Representative (R-Connecticut 1902-1905); U.S. Senator (R-Connecticut 1905-1924)

·         James L. Buckley (1944), U.S. Senator (R-New York 1971-1977)

·         McGeorge Bundy (1940), Special Assistant for National Security Affairs; National Security Advisor; Professor of History

·         William P. Bundy (1939), State Department liaison for the Bay of Pigs invasion

·         George H. W. Bush (1948), 41st President of the United States; 43rd Vice-President of the United States; son of Prescott Bush; father of George W. Bush

·         George W. Bush (1968), 43rd President of the United States; Governor of Texas

·         Prescott Bush (1916), Father of George H.W. Bush, grandfather of George W. Bush

·         John Chafee (1947), U.S. Senator; Secretary of the Navy and Governor of Rhode Island; father of Lincoln Chafee

·         John Sherman Cooper (1923), U.S. Senator (R-Kentucky 1946-1949, 1952-73); member of the Warren Commission

·         Hugh Cunningham (1934), Rhodes Scholar; CIA

·         F. Trubee Davison (1918), Director of Personnel at the CIA

·         Endicott Peabody Davison (1948), George H.W. Bush lawyer

·         Chauncey Depew (1855), U.S. Senator (R-New York 1899-1911)

·         Richard Dale Drain (1943), CIA; co-authored early paper proposing the Bay of Pigs invasion, "A Program of Covert Action against the Castro Regime"

·         William Henry Draper III (1950), Chair of United Nations Development Programme and Import-Export Bank of the United States

·         William Maxwell Evarts (1837), U.S. Secretary of State; Attorney General; Senator; grandson of Roger Sherman

·         Evan G. Galbraith (1950), Ambassador to France; managing director of Morgan Stanley

·         William Henry Gleason (1853), Lt. Governor of Florida; founder of Eau Gallie, Florida; lawyer and land speculator

·         Averell Harriman (1913), U.S. Ambassador and Secretary of Commerce; Governor of New York; Chairman and CEO of the Union Pacific Railroad, Brown Brothers & Harriman, and the Southern Pacific Railroad; wife Pamela Churchill Harriman helped fund Bill Clinton's presidential campaign

·         H. J. Heinz II (1931), Heir to H. J. Heinz Company; father of H. John Heinz III

·         William Jorden (1925), U.S. Ambassador to Panama; National Security Council

·         John Kerry (1966), U.S. Senator (D-Massachusetts 1985-present); Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts 1983-1985; 2004 Democratic Presidential nominee

·         Charles Edwin Lord (1949), U.S. Comptroller of the Currency

·         Winston Lord (1959), Chairman of Council on Foreign Relations; Ambassador to China; Assistant U.S. Secretary of State

·         Robert A. Lovett (1918), Partner of Prescott Bush at Brown Brothers Harriman; Secretary of Defense; "Father of the CIA"

·         Robert McCallum, Jr (1968), Ambassador to Australia

·         Lee McClung (1892), Yale Treasurer 1904-1909; U.S. Treasurer 1909-1912

·         Gifford Pinchot (1889), First Chief of U.S. Forest Service

·         Dino Pionzio (1950), CIA Deputy Chief of Station during Allende overthrow

·         Potter Stewart (1936), U.S. Supreme Court Justice

·         William Howard Taft (1878), 27th President of the United States; Chief Justice of the United States; Secretary of War; son of Alphonso Taft

·         Robert A. Taft (1910), U.S. Senator (R-Ohio 1939-1953)

·         Morrison R. Waite (1837), U.S. Supreme Court Justice

·         Howard Weaver (1945), CIA

·         Edward Baldwin Whitney (1878), New York Supreme Court Justice

·         William Collins Whitney (1863), U.S. Secretary of the Navy; New York City financier

Business

·         Frederick Baldwin Adams (1900), Chairman of the West Indies Sugar Corp.

·         Thomas Cochran (1904), JP Morgan partner

·         Alfred Cowles (1913), Founder of the Cowles Commission

·         Henry P. Davison Jr. (1920), Senior partner at JP Morgan Guaranty Trust Company

·         Artemus Gates (1918), President of New York Trust Company, Union Pacific Railroad, TIME-Life, and Boeing Company

·         Robert Gow (1955), Business associate of George H. W. Bush; president of Bush's Zapata Oil

·         E. Roland Harriman (1917), Businessman; railroad executive; president of American Red Cross

·         Pierre Jay (1892), First chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York

·         Franc Kahn, Heir to Kahn Brothers Securities & Investments Group

·         H. Neil Mallon (1917), CEO of Dresser Industries where Prescott Bush served on the Board for 22 years along with E. Roland Harriman; gave George H.W. Bush his first job in 1948; namesake for Bush's son Neil Mallon Bush; "tried to be helpful to Allen Dulles in the CIA, especially in the procurement of individuals to serve in that important agency"

·         Percy Rockefeller (1900), Director of Brown Brothers Harriman, Standard Oil, and Remington Arms

·         Frederick W. Smith (1966), Founder of FedEx

·         Harold Stanley (1908), Founder of investment house Morgan Stanley

·         Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1898), Son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II; brother of

·         Gertude Vanderbilt Whitney

·         George Herbert Walker, Jr. (1927), Financier and co-founder of the New York Mets; uncle to President George Herbert Walker Bush

·         Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser (1896), Heir to the Weyerhaeuser Paper Co.

·         Harry Payne Whitney (1894), Husband of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney; investment banker

·         Dean Witter, Jr. (1944), Son of the founder of investment house Dean Witter Reynolds

Education

·         R. Inslee Clark, Jr. (1957), Director of Undergraduate Admissions who helped Yale become coeducational; former Headmaster of Horace Mann School

·         Timothy Dwight V (1849), Yale acting Treasurer 1887-1889, Yale President 1886-1899

·         John E. Ecklund (1938), Yale Treasurer 1966-1978; Partner in Bones-dominated New Haven law firm Dana & Wiggin

·         Charles Stafford Gage (1925), Yale Treasurer 1954-1966; member of Bones family firm Mathiesson Chemical

·         Daniel Coit Gilman (1852), Studied at the University of Berlin (1854-1855) under Karl Von Ritter and Friedrich Trendelenderg; attache to the American legation at St. Petersburg; 2nd President of the University of California; 1st President of Johns Hopkins University; President of the Carnegie Institution

·         Arthur T. Hadley (1876), Yale acting Treasurer 1909-1910,; Yale President 1899-1921

·         Henry Coit Kingsley (1834), Yale Treasurer 1862-1887; Daniel Coit Gilman's uncle

·         Charles Seymour (1908), President of Yale 1937-1951

·         Lawrence G. Tithe (1916), Yale Treasurer 1942-1954; Director/Partner Brown Brothers Harriman

·         Andrew Dickson White (1853), Co-founder and first President of Cornell University

Publications and Writing

·         Amory Howe Bradford (1934), General manager for the New York Times; CIA

·         William F. Buckley, Jr. (1950), Founder of National Review; author; CIA

·         Russell Davenport (1923), Editor of Fortune magazine; created Fortune 500 list

·         Briton Hadden (1920), Co-founder of Time-Life Enterprises

·         Henry Luce (1920), Co-founder of Time-Life Enterprises

Science and Engineering

·         John Rockefeller Prentice (1928), Grandson of John D. Rockefeller; pioneer of artificial insemination in farm animals as a means of improving their genetic pool

EXHIBIT

List of collegiate secret societies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are numerous collegiate secret societies at American and Canadian colleges and universities. They vary in how secret they are, how much they function as an independent organization (versus being an 'in name only' honor), and how they are tied to the university, (if at all, often through the Dean's office or the alumni affairs office).

Strictly speaking, any society with society affairs, membership rolls, signs of recognition, or especially their initiation, kept secret from the public, can be counted as a secret society. College fraternities, or "social fraternities" meet this definition, but are not included here. At many universities, the singing groups, newspaper and other editorial boards, etc., often have secret initiatory processes, but they are also not included here.

Collegiate secret societies sometimes have Greek letter names, like fraternities, but often have names that derive from two elements in their emblems, such as Scroll & Key. Many of these groups were formed in imitation of Skull & Bones at Yale University. After the 1870's, Theta Nu Epsilon, (aka Skull & Keys), a former chapter of Skull & Bones, began chartering chapters nationally, spreading the basic concept and plan for collegiate secret societies to many universities, and many older societies today are traceable to this process.

 

Secret societies typically have emblems that identify membership. Death-inspired imagery is often associated with many secret societies, and clubhouses are often called "tombs".  Some senior class secret societies at certain universities are called "Final Clubs", although their purposes are somewhat different.  Also following the Yale model is the process of membership selection called "tapping".[1] At a previously, publicly announced evening, the Yale undergraduates would assemble informally in the College Yard. Current members of the Yale secret societies would walk through the crowd and literally tap prospective members on the shoulder and then walk with him (usually up into the tapped man's room in the dormitories), to privately ask him to become a member. Note that during the course of this process, it was plainly obvious to the whole college who was being tapped for the coming year. Tapping Day is probably a less anticipated event on the Yale campus today, and the tapping process never was perfectly followed as well at other universities, although there is a public ceremonial that happens today at Missouri, and did happen for many decades at Berkeley.

 

Below is a list of some well-known collegiate secret societies. The list is not exhaustive; new secret societies are founded each year and some older groups are not included.

E

Contents

·        1 Selected secret societies of colleges/universities in North America:

·        2 Secret societies of colleges/universities in Latin America:

·        3 Society systems in North American colleges and universities

·        4 Secret Societies of colleges/universities in Western Europe:

·        5 See also

·        6 References

·        7 Bibliography

8 External links

Selected secret societies of colleges/universities in North America:

Secret societies of colleges/universities in Latin America:

Society systems in North American colleges and universities

Dartmouth College

Main article: Dartmouth College student groups#Senior societies

Dartmouth's Office of Residential Life states that the earliest senior societies on campus date to 1783 and "continue to be a vibrant tradition within the campus community."[1] Six of the eight senior societies keep their membership secret, while the other societies maintain secretive elements. According to the college, "approximately 25% of the senior class members are affiliated with a senior society."[1] The college's administration of the society system at Dartmouth focuses on managing membership and tapping lists, and differs from that of Yale's, though there are historical parallels between the two colleges' societies.[2][3]

Harvard University

Main article: Final_club

Harvard contains its own variant of historic and secretive undergraduate fraternal (there are also sororal) organizations. The Final Clubs are not referred to in Cambridge as 'secret societies' only because in the Harvard context, that appellation is unnecessary to convey characteristics identical to collegiate 'secret societies' elsewhere. Principal amongst these are secretiveness about their respective selection/election procedures, which has always prompted debate about elitism, total opacity with regard to their initiation and meeting rituals, avoidance of public posting of full membership lists, and maintenance of their buildings by alumni trust organizations. The notable variation is in their size, approximately sixty students per club (Yale societies have 15-16 seniors only). Furthermore, several do permit non-members inside their buildings in the company of members at specified times of the week (or only let in guests of the opposite sex but not of the same sex of the members). However the Porcellian and the Delphic never allow any non-member undergraduates inside their buildings, and non-member Harvard faculty only in very rare instances. "Punch Season" and the "Final Dinner" is analogous to "Tap" at Yale. Final Clubs at Harvard include:[6][7]

All male

·        Fox

·        Spee, formerly the fraternity Zeta Psi

·        Owl

·        A.D., a successor of the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi

·        Delphic (circa 1888), a successor of the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi

·        Fly Club, (1836), a successor of the fraternity Alpha Delta Phi

·        The Phoenix - S K Club (1897)

·        Porcellian (1791, originally called The Argonauts), the most famous and often bracketed with Yale's Skull and Bones

All female (established 1991 or later)

·        Bee (1991)

·        The Isis (2000)

·        The Sablière Society

·        The Pleiades

Other

·        The Signet Society, a Harvard literary club rather than a Final Club, is also regarded on campus and by members as a 'semi-secret' society.

Yale University

Main article: List of Yale University student organizations#Senior societies

The term "Secret society" at Yale encompasses organizations with many shared but not necessarily identical characteristics. The oldest surviving undergraduate secret societies at Yale derive from various 19th c. fraternal organization traditions, rooted in the Enlightenment society-founding boom [8], and therefore the term "secret society" at Yale encompasses a variety of models: senior-only versus three-year, with or without Greek letters, affiliated with other campus chapters or stand-alone entities. From 1854-1956, "Sheff", the Sheffield Scientific School was the sciences and engineering college of Yale University, and it also had a fraternal culture that differed in some respects from the humanities campus, further enriching (and complicating) the picture. [9] Yale's history contains numerous fraternal organizations that have become defunct, those remaining survived owing to confluences of endowments, real estate, and the vigor of their respective alumni organizations and their charitable Trusts. [10][11] Across this spectrum, common features of Yale secret societies are that they (usually) have fifteen members per class, they own their "tomb" which is wholly or partially closed to non-members (unlike a club such as the Elizabethan Club whose members may bring their guests). Secret societies at Yale "tap" their members, mostly on the same "Tap Night", and a member is off-limits to recruitment by another secret society, i.e. reciprocal exclusivity -- in contrast to Yale's singing groups which also "tap", but whose members may also join a society. As hybrids like Sage and Chalice and St. Anthony Hall demonstrate, it is not possible to draw clear distinctions between these secretive organizations. Yale's Buildings and Grounds Department refers to some as "senior societies" in its online architectural database.[12] The Yale Alumni Magazine contains historical references to fraternities also possessing "tombs". A series of articles on Dartmouth and Yale secret society architecture provides an overview of the buildings as "a uniquely American representation of the joining spirit, (that) are crucial to an understanding of the organizations they represent." [13]

Several societies were cited in the Official Preppy Handbook, including Skull and Bones, Scroll and Key and St. Anthony Hall.

As an aside, the linguistic tendency at Yale for mortuary-themed concepts, i.e. tombs (read silence of a tomb), and the prevalence of Yale men in the creation of the U.S. intelligence community [14] may be why the term "spook" (an undergraduate society member) became a colloquialism for a spy. (For more on Yale secret society members' influences on intelligence agencies, see the book Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939-1961 by historian Robin W. Winks)

University of Iowa Although the date cannot be confirmed as of yet, there is a secret honorary society of women academics that apparently started in 1975. Known as "The Tennyo," 15 women who were frustrated by a highly sexist ivory tower, decided to develop strong networks for publication, fund raising and professional development in private. They belonged to various disciplines and departments throughout the university.

They borrowed from the Japanese folk tales about Tennyo goddesses who were quite curious about human civilization on earth. Oftentimes, seduced by men, these goddesses were forced to give up the magical part of themselves in order to remain on earth--torn between their heavenly existence and earthly one, Tennyo were both melancholy and full of lament.

The Tennyo at the University of Iowa believed that women would never be fully successful in the academy without private and secretly shared resources. They boast of an international membership that is highly exclusive. It is said that although they support all women in the academy, not all women in the academy were equipped to be leaders and members of the Tennyo. Using traditional images of goddesses, members were invited through a postcard. Higher ranking officials supposedly wore the ancient image of the earth goddess.

Women academics claim to have received fellowships, child care, dissertation office rentals, publication opportunities with a signed card from the anonymous "Tennyo."

Secret Societies of colleges/universities in Western Europe:

University of Cambridge, England

·        Cambridge Apostles (1820)

Uppsala University, Sweden

·        Juvenalorden (1907)

Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands

·        De Gong (1927)

University of Lisbon, Law School, Portugal

·        Tertvlia Libertas (a masonic lodge) (1981)

See also

·        Fraternities and sororities

References

1.        ^ ^{a b} Senior Societies. Trustees of Dartmouth College. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.

2.        ^ Scott Meacham (1999-07-18). Halls, Tombs, and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.

3.        ^ Gomstyn, Alice. "Secret societies remain veiled in mystery", The Dartmouth, 2001-05-18. Retrieved on 2007-02-14.

Bibliography

·          Robbins, Alexandra (2004). Pledged: The Secret Life of Sororities. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-8859-8.

·          Winks, Robin W. (1996). Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939-1961. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2nd edition (March 27, 1996). ISBN-10: 0300065248.

External links

·          "How the Secret Societies Got That Way", Yale Alumni Magazine (September 2004)

·          "Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth"

·          "Four Years at Yale" A late 19th Century contemporary account of fraternal societies at two Connecticut Universities: Yale & Wesleyan[[

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_collegiate_secret_societies"

Categories: Fraternal and service organizations | Secret societies | United States student societies | Fraternities and sororities | Lists of organizations

Exhibit

Skull & Bones aka Scull & Bones Members 1900 to Present

Bonesmen 1900 to present

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